Artikel
Stress fractures in the Swiss Orienteering and Triathlon National Teams – Analysis of frequency, localisation, and risk factors
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Veröffentlicht: | 24. Oktober 2011 |
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Objective: Stress fractures in high level endurance athletes is frequent and occur 8% to 25% per year. The importance of several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in high level endurance athletes is very little understood (e.g. nutrition, orthopaedics, endocrinology, gynecology, physiology of training).
Material/Methods: Retrospective data analysis of all National Team Athletes in Orienteering and Triathlon regarding frequency, localisation, and risk factors. In total, 200 patients were included (Orienteering; men 89, women 67; Triathlon; men 29, women 15). Data collection included A) analysis of the medical documents, B) questionnaire, C) personal interview if necessairy.
Results: In total, 36 athletes suffered from one ore more stress fractures during their active career (18%); OL women 22%, men 13%; Triathlon men 29, women 15. Therefrom, 44% were found at the lower leg, 33% at the forefoot; and 11% for the mid-/hindfoot and the pelvis and hip respectively. Stress fractures occur in 50% between the age of 19 and 21. A significantly elevated ratio of primary and secondary amenorhe were found. 38% of these young and very sports active patients showed already signs of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Orthopaedic-biomechanical risk factors are found approximately in one third of all athletes. Future results will be presented at the conference.
Conclusion: Stressfractures are frequent in endurance sport, and are often associated with symptoms of the female athlete triad. Age and localisation of lesions showed typical changes. The understanding and the meaning of risk factors is important, in order to identify athletes at risk and to adapt lifestyle and maybe prevent a stress fracture